Every civilization collects its rare coins — not just the scarce ones, but the ones with a story, the ones that carry a piece of history. The best end up in museums. Bitcoin's rare coins are no exception. They are called rare sats.每个文明都会收藏自己的稀有钱币 —— 不只是稀缺的那些，还有那些有故事的、承载着一段历史的。其中最好的，最终进了博物馆。比特币的稀有钱币也不例外。它们叫稀有聪。
Bitcoin is digital gold. Rare sats are its digital ancient coins.比特币是数字黄金。稀有聪是它的数字古钱币。
What follows is a plain-language guide to rare sats — what they are, why some are unique, why they are worth collecting, how they are classified and tagged, and what every icon on this site means.下面是一份简单易懂的稀有聪入门手册 —— 稀有聪是什么、为什么独特、为什么有收藏价值、分类和标签，以及本站每一个图标的含义。
A satoshi ("sat") is the smallest unit of bitcoin. One bitcoin is not one coin — it is 100,000,000 sats.聪（sat）是比特币的最小单位。一枚比特币不是一个币，而是一亿颗聪。
Ordinal Theory gives every sat a permanent number, in the order it was mined. Sat 0 is the first sat ever created. From that moment, the count has never stopped.序数理论（Ordinal Theory）按挖出的先后顺序，赋予每一颗聪一个永恒的编号。0 号聪是史上第一颗聪。自此，计数便从未停止。
Ordinal Theory makes every single sat visible. Each one can now be told apart, numbered, tracked, handled — and collected.序数理论，让每一颗聪都可以被看见：被区分、被编号、被追踪、被操作、被收藏。
Once sats can be told apart and tracked, uniqueness surfaces on its own.聪一旦可以区分和追踪，独特性便自然浮现。
Some sats are landmarks of bitcoin's own clockwork: the first sat of every block, of every difficulty adjustment, of every halving.有些聪，是比特币自身钟表结构的地标：每个区块、每次难度调整、每次减半的第一颗聪。
Some sats were mined by Satoshi himself on bitcoin's first public day — the oldest sats still in circulation.有些聪，是比特币上线第一天，中本聪亲手挖出的，也是流通中最古老的聪。
Some sats bought the two famous pizzas. Some sats were used to hire a hitman.有些聪，买过那两个著名的披萨；有些聪，被用来雇佣杀手。
Some sats simply have beautiful numbers — like a vanity licence plate or a lucky phone number.有些聪，拥有漂亮的编号，就像车牌和手机的靓号。
So Ordinal Theory did not invent rare sats, and it certainly did not issue them. It only lets us see which sats are unique.所以，序数理论没有发明稀有聪，更没有发行稀有聪。它只是让我们看到，哪些聪是独特的。
Nor did Ordinal Theory create scarcity. It merely gave scarcity a name. Blocks, halvings, difficulty adjustments — these structures were written into the chain long before 2023.序数理论也没有创造稀缺，它只是命名了稀缺。区块、减半、难度调整这些结构，早在 2023 年之前，就已经写在链上了。
In the Ordinal Theory Handbook, Casey Rodarmor wrote two sentences.在《Ordinal Theory Handbook》（序数理论手册）里，Casey Rodarmor 写下过两句话。
Casey was right. And he was right more deeply than he may have realised.Casey 是对的。而且，他说得比他自己意识到的还要深刻。
Look again at the sentence this page opens with:再看一眼本页开篇那段话：
Across human history, that is no slogan but a plain description of fact: every civilization that minted money has, without exception, separated from its own currency a scarce and distinctive subset — and given it a collectible value beyond face value.纵观人类历史，这不是口号，只是在平实地陈述事实：凡是铸造过货币的文明，无一例外，都会从自己的货币里分离出一个稀缺而独特的子集，赋予它超越面值的收藏价值。
This is not the taste of one nation. It is a law that crosses civilizations: once a currency carries history and culture, it inevitably deposits its own layer of antiquities.这不是某个民族的偏好，而是一条跨越文明的规律：货币一旦承载了历史与文化，就必然沉淀出自己的文物层。
So it was with ancient coins, and so it is with bitcoin.古钱币如此，比特币亦然。
If you believe, as I do, that bitcoin will become the money of human civilization, then rare sats becoming that money's collectibles is not a hypothesis. It is where the evolution of civilization leads.如果你和我一样相信，比特币终将成为人类文明的货币，那么稀有聪成为这种货币的收藏品，就不是一个假设，而是文明进化的必然。
Coin collectors have always used two different numbers. Mintage — how many were struck. Surviving population — how many still exist to be owned.钱币收藏一直用两个不同的数字。铸造量（mintage）—— 总共造了多少。存世量（surviving population）—— 今天还有多少能被拥有。
The price of an ancient coin follows the second, not the first. This site measures rare sats the same way — with two rulers.一枚古币的价格，从来跟着后者走，而不是前者。本站衡量稀有聪，也是同样的办法：用两把尺子。
The first ruler is the ladder defined by Casey Rodarmor in ord. It measures mintage: how many of a kind bitcoin's own schedule has ever produced.第一把尺子，是 Casey Rodarmor 在 ord 里定义的稀有度阶梯。它量的是铸造量：比特币自身的时间表，总共产出过多少颗这一档的聪。
Every rung is the first sat of some cycle. Each rung up, the cycle is a few hundred times longer than the last.每一级，都是某种周期的第一颗聪。每上一级，周期就比上一级长几百倍。
Uncommon — the first sat of every block. One every ~10 minutes, about 52,000 a year.Uncommon —— 每个区块的第一颗聪。约每 10 分钟一颗，一年约 52,000 颗。
Rare — the first sat of every difficulty adjustment (2,016 blocks, about two weeks). Fewer than 500 have ever existed.Rare —— 每次难度调整的第一颗聪（2,016 个区块，约两周）。有史以来不足 500 颗。
Epic — the first sat of every halving (210,000 blocks, about four years). Only four exist.Epic —— 每次减半的第一颗聪（210,000 个区块，约四年）。至今只有四颗。
Legendary — the first sat of every cycle (1,260,000 blocks, when a halving and a difficulty adjustment coincide). None exist yet; the first arrives around 2032.Legendary —— 每个大周期的第一颗聪（1,260,000 个区块，减半与难度调整重合之时）。目前一颗也没有，第一颗约 2032 年到来。
Mythic — sat 0, the first sat of the genesis block. Exactly one, and it can never be spent.Mythic —— 0 号聪，创世区块的第一颗聪。全网仅此一颗，而且永远无法花出。
This schedule is bitcoin's own arithmetic. It cannot be changed, and no one can mint one more.这张时间表，就是比特币自身的算术。它改不了，谁也无法多造一颗。
The ladder tells you how many were born. It does not tell you how many can still be had.阶梯告诉你诞生过多少，却不告诉你今天还能拿到多少。
Millions of early sats sit in wallets that have not moved in over a decade. Keys lost, owners gone, or simply never coming back.数以百万计的早期聪，躺在十几年没动过的钱包里。私钥丢了，主人不在了，或者永远不会再回来。
So this site measures active circulation (B630k): only sats held by an address that has been alive since block 630,000, the 2020 halving. That is the surviving population.所以本站测量活跃流通量（B630k）：只统计自区块 630,000（2020 年减半）以来仍有动静的地址所持有的聪。这才是存世量。
Every tag then wears a tier badge by how many are actually out there. Five tiers, from plentiful to scarce:每个标签按真正在外流通的数量，领取一枚档位徽章。五档，从量大到量少：
Classic — active circulation from 10,000 up to a few hundred thousand. Collector Grade.Classic —— 活跃流通量从 1 万到几十万不等，收藏级别。
S≤10k — fewer than 10,000 in active circulation. Advanced Collector Grade: no more than ten thousand owners.S≤10k —— 活跃流通量不到 1 万颗，高级藏品级别，拥有者不超过万人。
S≤1k — fewer than 1,000 in active circulation. Elite Collector Grade: no more than a thousand owners.S≤1k —— 活跃流通量不到 1,000 颗，顶级珍藏级别，拥有者不超过千人。
S≤100 — fewer than 100 in active circulation. Museum Grade: no more than a hundred owners.S≤100 —— 活跃流通量不到 100 颗，博物馆典藏级别，拥有者不超过百人。
S≤10 — fewer than 10 in active circulation. Grail Grade: no more than ten owners.S≤10 —— 活跃流通量不到 10 颗，传奇国宝级别，拥有者不超过十人。
Above a million in active circulation is Basic — plentiful by design, and it wears no badge.活跃流通量超过一百万的归为 Basic —— 天生量大，不发徽章。
The two rulers answer different questions, and both matter. The ladder is official, fixed, and will never change. The S tier is measured here, re-counted every week, and moves with the market.两把尺子回答的是不同的问题，缺一不可。阶梯是官方的、固定的、永不改变。S 档是本站测的、每周重数一次、随市场变动。
A sat can be a plain uncommon on the ladder and an S≤10 on this site. Together, the two rulers give a sat's full picture of scarcity.一颗聪在阶梯上可能只是普通的 Uncommon，在本站却是 S≤10。两把尺子合在一起，才是一颗聪完整的稀缺画像。
Every tag this site tracks, in the same order as the Tag Query page. Each tag is a story — about a block that means something, a piece of history, a person, or an event — and that story is the reason to own it.本站追踪的全部标签，顺序与 Tag Query 页一致。每个标签都是一个故事 —— 关于一个有特殊意义的区块、一段历史、一个人、或一件事 —— 而这个故事，就是值得拥有它的理由。
Hover any icon anywhere on the site to see its name.站内任何地方悬停图标，即可看到它的名字。
The first sat of a whole bitcoin, its number ending in eight zeros — a whole coin is bitcoin's unit of account and the alpha is where that unit begins, so an early alpha is the opening sat of an early bitcoin, the closest thing to holding "bitcoin number N" itself.每一枚整币的第一颗聪，编号以八个零结尾 —— 整币是比特币的记账单位，Alpha 就是这个单位开始的地方，一枚早期的 Alpha，就是一枚早期比特币的开篇之聪，最接近“持有第 N 枚比特币本身”。
The first sat of a block, the sat that opened it, born every ~10 minutes forever — the entry ticket to rarity and one of the rare sats with the strongest consensus in the community, while 2009 uncommons and vintage uncommons are the front row of that ticket: not just the first sat of some block, but the first sat of one of bitcoin's earliest blocks.每个区块的第一颗聪，开启这个区块的那一颗，约每 10 分钟诞生一颗，永不停歇 —— 它是稀有世界的入场券，也是社区共识最强的稀有聪之一，而 2009 uncommon、vintage uncommon 这些，则是入场券里的头排座位，不只是某个区块的第一颗聪，更是比特币最早那批区块的第一颗聪。
The first sat of a difficulty adjustment period, every 2,016 blocks or about two weeks, the moment the network re-tunes itself — fewer than 500 have ever existed, and most of the early ones have never moved.每个难度调整周期的第一颗聪，每 2,016 个区块、约两周，网络重新校准自己的那一刻 —— 有史以来不足 500 颗，早期的大多从未移动过。
The first sat of a halving epoch, every 210,000 blocks or about four years, the moment bitcoin cuts its own issuance in half — only four exist so far, and the fifth arrives at the 2028 halving.每个减半纪元的第一颗聪，每 210,000 个区块、约四年，比特币把自己的发行量砍半的那一刻 —— 至今只有四颗，第五颗要等 2028 年减半。
The first sat of a cycle, every 1,260,000 blocks, when a halving and a difficulty adjustment land on the same block — none exist yet, the first is due around 2032, and the whole world will watch it get mined.每个大周期的第一颗聪，每 1,260,000 个区块，减半与难度调整落在同一个区块之时 —— 目前一颗也没有，第一颗约 2032 年到来，全世界都会盯着它被挖出来。
Sat 0, the very first sat of the genesis block — exactly one exists and it can never be spent, the one rare sat no one will ever own.0 号聪，创世区块的第一颗聪 —— 全网仅此一颗，而且永远无法花出，唯一一颗谁也不可能拥有的稀有聪。
The last sat of a whole bitcoin, ending in 99999999, the closing twin of the alpha — the alpha opens a coin, the omega seals it.每一枚整币的最后一颗聪，编号以 99999999 结尾，Alpha 的收尾孪生 —— Alpha 开启一枚币，Omega 封上它。
The last sat of a block, the sat that closed it, minted the instant before the next block began — the "black" family marks the same milestones from the closing end.每个区块的最后一颗聪，收尾的那一颗，诞生在下一个区块开始前的最后一瞬 —— “黑”家族，从收尾端标记同样的里程碑。
The last sat of a difficulty adjustment period — the final sat mined at the old difficulty.每个难度调整周期的最后一颗聪 —— 旧难度下挖出的最后一颗。
The last sat of a halving epoch — the final sat ever minted at the old, higher block reward.每个减半纪元的最后一颗聪 —— 旧的、更高的区块奖励下，铸出的最后一颗。
Block 9's first whole bitcoin, sat numbers starting 450 — Satoshi mined block 9 on January 9, 2009, bitcoin's first public day, the oldest block whose coins ever moved, so 450x is the earliest bitcoin in circulation, and by first-in-first-out it led the 10 BTC of the first transaction to Hal Finney: the origin of the origin.区块 9 的第一枚整币，编号以 450 开头，因此得名 —— 区块 9 由中本聪本人在 2009 年 1 月 9 日、比特币公开运行第一天挖出，是币曾经移动过的最古老区块，所以 450x 是流通中编号最早的一枚比特币，而按先进先出的规则，它正是第一笔交易里中本聪转给 Hal Finney 的 10 BTC 打头的那 1 BTC，起源中的起源。
Every sat of block 9, the 50 BTC Satoshi mined on bitcoin's first public day — of the first 100 blocks only block 9 and block 78 have ever been spent, the rest still sit where they were mined, and block 9 is the source of the first transaction and the oldest bitcoin anyone can actually own.区块 9 的全部聪，中本聪在比特币公开运行第一天挖出的 50 BTC —— 前 100 个区块里，只有区块 9 和区块 78 的币曾被花出，其余至今原地未动，区块 9 是第一笔交易的币源，也是任何人真正能够拥有的最古老的比特币。
Every sat of block 78, the first block attributed to someone other than Satoshi — Hal Finney mined it on January 10, 2009 (Pacific time), the day of his famous tweet "Running bitcoin"; he was the first besides Satoshi to run the software and received the first transaction, and among the first 100 blocks it is one of only two that ever circulated.区块 78 的全部聪，第一个归属于中本聪以外的人的区块 —— Hal Finney 在 2009 年 1 月 10 日（太平洋时间）挖出了它，同一天他发出了那条著名的推文 “Running bitcoin”，他是中本聪之外第一个运行比特币的人、第一笔交易的收款人，前 100 个区块里，区块 78 是仅有的两个曾经流通的区块之一。
Every sat of block 286, mined by Satoshi on January 13, 2009 — one of only 19 Satoshi blocks whose coins ever left his wallet, and after block 9 the earliest of them.区块 286 的全部聪，中本聪在 2009 年 1 月 13 日挖出 —— 仅有的 19 个币曾离开过他钱包的中本聪区块之一，在区块 9 之后，它是其中最早的一个。
Every sat of block 666, mined January 16, 2009, inside bitcoin's first two weeks — the number of the beast on a block from the vintage era, collected for the number, kept for the age.区块 666 的全部聪，2009 年 1 月 16 日挖出，在比特币最初的两周之内 —— 一个古早区块顶着“兽名数目”，因数字被收藏，因年份被珍藏。
Every sat of block 999, the last three-digit block, mined January 19, 2009 — the closing block of the vintage era (the first 1,000 blocks), the last page of bitcoin's first chapter.区块 999 的全部聪，最后一个三位数区块，2009 年 1 月 19 日挖出 —— vintage 时代（前 1,000 个区块）的收官区块，比特币第一章的最后一页。
Every sat mined in the first 1,000 blocks, January 3 to 19, 2009, bitcoin's first sixteen days — the network was a handful of computers and the coins were worth nothing, most of these blocks are attributed to Satoshi's own machine and most have never moved, which is exactly why the ones that circulate matter.前 1,000 个区块的全部聪，2009 年 1 月 3 日到 19 日，比特币最初的十六天 —— 那时网络只有寥寥几台电脑，币一文不值，这些区块大多归属于中本聪自己的机器，大多从未移动过，这正是流通中那一小部分的价值所在。
Any sat mined in January 2009, the month bitcoin launched — sats from a time when a bitcoin had no price at all.2009 年 1 月，比特币上线当月挖出的聪 —— 来自一个比特币还没有任何价格的时代。
Any sat mined in 2009 (blocks 0–32,489), bitcoin's first year — for most of that year there was no exchange at all, and the first published price, in October 2009, was a fraction of a cent.2009 年（区块 0–32,489），比特币元年挖出的聪 —— 那一年的大部分时间连交易所都不存在，第一个公开报价出现在 2009 年 10 月，不到一美分。
Sats from the 10 BTC of the first bitcoin transaction ever, Satoshi to Hal Finney, January 12, 2009 — the first time bitcoin changed hands, sent by the one person who created it to the first person who believed in it, and these sats came out of block 9.史上第一笔比特币交易的 10 BTC 所含的聪，2009 年 1 月 12 日，中本聪转给 Hal Finney —— 比特币第一次易手，由创造它的那个人，发给第一个相信它的人，这些聪出自区块 9。
Sats from the 19 blocks Satoshi mined and later spent, the only Satoshi coins that ever moved (Whale Alert research, spending being what proves the keys were his) — everything else attributed to him, roughly a million bitcoin, has never stirred, so this is as close to Satoshi's own coins as anyone can get.中本聪挖出、后来又花出的 19 个区块的聪，唯一动过的中本聪之币（Whale Alert 研究，花费行为才能证明私钥是他的）—— 其余归属于他的约一百万枚比特币从未动过分毫，这是任何人能够接近“中本聪之币”的极限。
Sats from the 17 blocks attributed to Hal Finney, the cryptographer who was the first person besides Satoshi to run bitcoin and who received the first transaction — Hal died in 2014, and his sats are the closest thing to a relic of bitcoin's first believer.归属于 Hal Finney 的 17 个区块的聪，这位密码学家是中本聪之外第一个运行比特币的人，也是第一笔交易的收款人 —— Hal 于 2014 年去世，他的聪，是比特币第一位信徒留下的、最接近“遗物”的东西。
Sats from the 10,000 BTC Laszlo Hanyecz paid for two pizzas on May 22, 2010 — the first time bitcoin bought something physical and the moment it first had a price the world could understand, and every Bitcoin Pizza Day is about these sats.2010 年 5 月 22 日，Laszlo Hanyecz 买两个披萨花掉的 10,000 BTC 里的聪 —— 比特币第一次买到实物，也是它第一次有了一个世人能听懂的价格，每年的比特币披萨节，讲的就是这些聪。
Sats from the 1,670 BTC Ross Ulbricht paid on Silk Road for a murder-for-hire — no one was killed, but the payment is on the chain forever and became part of the case that ended the first darknet market, grim, and unmistakably historical.Ross Ulbricht 在丝绸之路上为买凶付出的 1,670 BTC 里的聪 —— 没有人真的被杀，但这笔付款永远留在链上，并成为终结第一个暗网市场的案件的一部分，黑暗，但确凿地写进了历史。
Sats from the 500 BTC paid for a JPEG image on February 24, 2010, the earliest known purchase of a good with bitcoin, three months before the pizzas — not merely "sats that bought a picture", but the sats of bitcoin's first act of commerce, where the thing bought happened to be an image.2010 年 2 月 24 日，为一张 JPEG 图片付出的 500 BTC 里的聪，已知最早的一次用比特币买东西，比披萨早三个月 —— 它不只是“买过图片的聪”，而是比特币第一次商业交易的聪，只不过买的东西恰好是一张图。
Sats from the 29,656.5 BTC the US Marshals sold on June 27, 2014, the first auction of bitcoin seized from Silk Road, won in full by Tim Draper — coins that passed from a darknet market to the United States government to a venture capitalist, the state's own hands have been on these sats.2014 年 6 月 27 日，美国法警署售出的 29,656.5 BTC 所含的聪，第一场丝绸之路查没币拍卖，被 Tim Draper 一人全部拍下 —— 这些币从暗网市场到美国政府、再到风险投资家，国家的手，曾经握过这些聪。
Every sat of block 938,713, the first block found by Parasite Pool, February 28, 2026 — the newest story in this list, and a reminder that the chain is still writing history, today's ordinary block can be tomorrow's rare sat.区块 938,713 的全部聪，Parasite 矿池挖出的第一个区块，2026 年 2 月 28 日 —— 这张表里最新的故事，也提醒我们，链上的历史仍在书写，今天的普通区块，可能就是明天的稀有聪。
The sat number reads the same both ways, e.g. 1234554321, the vanity plate of the sat world — the three tags below are its subsets, each narrower than the last.聪号正反同形，如 1234554321，聪的世界里的靓号车牌 —— 下面三个标签，是它层层收窄的子集。
A palindrome with at least three identical digits in a row — e.g. the 333 inside 3275433345723.含至少三个连续相同数字的回文 —— 如 3275433345723 中间的 333。
Uniform Palinception: the palindrome splits into equal chunks, each chunk itself a palindrome — e.g. 454141060141454 = 454·141·060·141·454.均匀回文套嵌，回文可切成等长片段，每段自身也是回文 —— 如 454141060141454 = 454·141·060·141·454。
Perfect Palinception: one palindromic block repeats to build the whole number, e.g. 121121121121 = 121·121·121·121 — a palindrome made of palindromes with nothing left over, the narrowest of them all.完美回文套嵌，一个回文片段重复拼成整个聪号，如 121121121121 = 121·121·121·121 —— 回文套回文，严丝合缝，收得最窄的一类。
The number uses exactly one distinct digit (e.g. 55555555) — at sat scale, almost none exist.整个聪号只用一种数字（如 55555555）—— 在聪的量级上，近乎绝迹。
Exactly two distinct digits.恰好两种不同数字。
Exactly three distinct digits.恰好三种不同数字。
The sat's BLOCK HEIGHT is a palindrome (1, 99, 12321…), the height, not the sat number, so unrelated to the Palindrome tags — a block whose very address is a lucky number.聪所在区块的【高度】是回文数（1、99、12321…），注意是高度不是聪号，与回文标签无关 —— 一个连门牌号都是靓号的区块。
Every sat has a base-26 letter name, and this one's happens to be a real word from ord's 12,450-word list — names get shorter as sat numbers grow, so a sat named after a word is a small accident of language, and there will never be another sat with that name.每颗聪都有一个 26 进制字母名，这颗的名字恰好是 ord 12,450 词表里的一个真单词 —— 聪号越大名字越短，一颗名字是真单词的聪，是语言的一次小小巧合，而且永远不会再有第二颗叫这个名字的聪。
The sat number is a Fibonacci number, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8… all the way up the chain — only a few dozen exist below the total supply.聪号是斐波那契数，1、1、2、3、5、8…一路数上去 —— 总供给之内，只有几十颗。
ord's luck score for a block, how many more leading zero bits its hash has than required — a lucky block is one the miner found "too well", a hash far rarer than the network demanded, and luck belongs to the block, and to the rare sats of that block.ord 给区块打的运气分，区块哈希的前导零比特比达标线多出几位 —— 一个幸运的区块，是矿工找得“过于好”的区块，哈希比网络要求的稀有得多，运气属于区块，也属于这个区块的稀有聪。
Tag Query — explore any tagTag Query — 探索任意标签 Address Query — check your own satsAddress Query — 查你自己的聪 Leaderboards — the top collectorsLeaderboards — 顶级藏家 Circulation Report — the weekly numbersCirculation Report — 每周数据 Market — what rare sats actually sell forMarket — 稀有聪的真实成交
Data refreshed weekly · Definitions follow ord (Ordinal Theory) with this site's own S-tier measurements数据每周更新 · 定义遵循 ord（序数理论），S 档为本站自有测量
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